References on a Canadian Resume: Do You Include Them? (And How to Prepare Them)

Maybe your old CV had a neat "References" section with three names, or the line "References available upon request". It felt professional, right? In Canada, it just uses up space that should go to your achievements.

Still, references matter. Many Canadian employers check them before making an offer, so the real work is being ready when they ask. That's what this guide covers. A caution: employers differ on how many references they want and who counts, so follow each posting, and ask the employer if it isn't clear.

Should references go on your resume?

No. Job Bank, the Government of Canada's job service, advises providing references only when requested. George Brown College also tells international students to leave them off, and the University of Calgary says you don't need a line saying references are available on request, since employers assume you can provide them.

Sources differ on one small point. Guelph-Humber says that if you want employers to know references exist before they ask, you can note on your resume that they're available on request. Both approaches are acceptable. Cutting the line saves space, which is why we suggest dropping it.

Who to choose as a reference

• Former or current supervisors: people who've seen your work and can speak about your skills and habits.
• Instructors, advisors or coaches: especially if you're a student or recent graduate.
• Colleagues or clients when the employer accepts professional contacts rather than only managers.
• Avoid friends and family unless a personal reference is requested; employers may see them as biased.

If you're unsure what an employer expects, ask. Some accept any professional contact while others require a former supervisor.

Reference page template (copy and edit)

Create a separate page in the same font and style as your resume, with the same header. Most employers ask for two or three references, but check the posting. List each person with these details:

How to ask someone to be your reference

1. Ask for permission first. Don't assume someone will agree, and ask again if a long time has passed since they last said yes.
2. Tell them about the job. Share the job description, so they can speak about the skills that matter.
3. Update them on your search. If you apply to several jobs, let them know to expect more than one call.
4. Confirm their contact details and the best time to reach them.
5. Say thank you. A short written thank-you after they agree, and another when you get a result, is good practice.

When do employers ask for references?

Usually when you're a finalist, often around the interview. Share the list when asked, not with your first application. Some employers also ask for them in an online form; follow the form's instructions.

If your best references are outside Canada

This is common for newcomers, and it isn't a deal-breaker. A few practical ideas, which are our suggestions rather than rules:

• Include the country code in every phone number, and an email address as well, since email is easier across time zones.
• Brief your references about the Canadian job, and make sure they can communicate in English or French, or tell the employer in advance.
• Add Canadian contacts where you can: a volunteer supervisor, an instructor, a co-op or placement mentor, or a manager from a first part-time job in Canada.
• Explain, don't apologize. If an employer asks about a gap in Canadian references, say how you can supply international contacts.

For the full picture of the Canadian format, see our guides on resumes for international students and why not to add a photo.

Common reference mistakes

• Listing someone without asking. It can catch them off guard and hurt your chances.
• Putting references on the resume. Use that space for achievements.
• Outdated contact details. Confirm phone and email before you share them.
• Choosing people who don't know your work well. A senior name matters less than a clear, specific reference.
• Forgetting to follow up. Tell references the outcome and thank them.

Frequently asked questions

Sources

• Job Bank (Government of Canada): How to write a good resume
• University of Calgary: References
• University of Guelph-Humber: References
• George Brown College: Resume tips for international and immigrant students